This is a graded discussion: 25 points possible due Aug 3 at 1:59am
Week 4 Discussion: Distinguishing Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
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Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Click on the following tabs to review the concepts that will be addressed in this activity:
The Basic Structure of Deductive and Inductive Arguments Click on the following links to view argument examples:
Link: Deductive Argument Example
Link: Inductive Argument
Initial Post Instructions For the initial post, address the following:
Textbook: Chapter 8, 9, 17 (Introduction) Lesson Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)
Find and post examples of deductive and inductive arguments. For each example, evaluate its logical strength, using the concepts and ideas presented in the textbook readings, the lesson, and any other source you find that helps you to evaluate the validity (deductive) or strength (inductive) of the argument. You can use examples from the text, or you can find examples elsewhere.
Editorials and opinion columns are a good source, as are letters to the editor. Blogs will also often be based on arguments.
A valid structure is the way in which an argument is put together that assures it will pass the test of logical strength.
Valid Argument Structures Deductive Inductive
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Follow-Up Post Instructions Respond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification. Do you agree with their analysis – be very specific about why you agree or disagree.
Writing Requirements
Grading This activity will be graded using the Discussion Grading Rubric. Please review the following link:
Course Outcomes (CO): 3, 4
Due Date for Initial Post: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Wednesday Due Date for Follow-Up Posts: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday
Is it inductive or deductive? Explain why. Does it pass the tests of validity and strength? Explain.
Use mapping and evaluative techniques to make sure it is an argument.
Minimum of 3 posts (1 initial & 2 follow-up) Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside source) APA format for in-text citations and list of references
Link (webpage): Discussion Guidelines
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(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor) Jun 22, 2020
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Greetings Students:
You are only required to post an initial answer post and ONE follow-up post in each required discussion, each week.
Please make your TWO posts each week between Monday and Sunday. Your posts must occur on different days with the first post occurring by Wednesday. If there are extenuating circumstances, please communicate with your professor.
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Edited by Sonja Sheffield (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891) on Jun 22 at 12:39pm
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When determining whether an argument is inductive or deductive, you must assume that all premises are true. Then you must see whether the conclusion would probably or necessarily follow. You are not determining whether the premises are true but judging the kind of reasoning based on the argument’s structure. In other words, you “deduce”.
Example Inductive:
In 2010, an oil drilling rig leased by British Petroleum (BP) was damaged from an explosion, and oil began gushing out of a broken pipe into the Gulf of Mexico. In the six months after the accident, more than 600 sea turtles have been found dead along the Gulf Coast. Since this is a much higher amount than what is typical for the season, it is reasonable to conclude that the sea turtle deaths are a result of the oil spill.
The issue is whether the 600 sea turtle deaths are caused by the 2010 British Petroleum oil spill. The conclusion is that the 600 sea turtle deaths are caused by the 2010 British Petroleum oil spill. The first premise is that in 600 sea turtles have been found dead along the Gulf Coast within six months of the 2010 British Petroleum oil spill. The second premise is that 600 dead sea turtles is a much higher amount than what is typical for the season. This is inductive.
Example Deductive:
Why wouldn’t a woman consider herself a feminist? Even my husband calls himself a feminist. If he can call himself that, then every woman should be able to call herself that. Every woman should consider herself a feminist.
The issue is whether every woman should consider herself a feminist. The implied conclusion is that every woman should consider herself a feminist. The first premise is that my husband calls himself a feminist. The second premise is that if my husband considers himself a feminist, then every woman should consider herself a feminist. This is a deductive argument.
(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor) Tuesday
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Students,
Check out this video on Deductive vs. Inductive Arguments
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(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor) Tuesday
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FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS PLEASE!!
Editorials and opinion columns are a good source, as are letters to the editor. Blogs will also often be based on arguments.
Use mapping and evaluative techniques to make sure it is an argument.
Is it inductive or deductive? Explain why.
Does it pass the tests of validity and strength? Explain.
In other words,DO NOT go to a website and provide an argument that has already informed of the type of argument that it is.
For example if you went to this type of website (https://examples.yourdictionary.com/deductive-reasoning-examples.html (https://examples.yourdictionary.com/deductive-reasoning-examples.html) ) you would find the following:
Deductive Reasoning Examples – DO NOT GO
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HERE!
Instead, go to Op Ed (NY Times and others) or Letters to the Editor or a Blog based on an argument for your post where “YOU” have to determine the type of argument it is.
Prof. Sheffield
Inductive Reasoning: My mother is Irish. She has blond hair. Therefore, everyone from Ireland has blond hair. Deductive Reasoning: My mother is Irish. Everyone from Ireland has blond hair. Therefore, my mother has blond hair.
Inductive Reasoning: Most of our snowstorms come from the north. It’s starting to snow. This snowstorm must be coming from the north. Deductive Reasoning: All of our snowstorms come from the north. It’s starting to snow. Therefore, the storm is coming from the north.
Inductive Reasoning: Maximilian is a shelter dog. He is happy. All shelter dogs are happy. Deductive Reasoning: Maximillian is a shelter dog. All shelter dogs are happy. Therefore, he is happy.
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Ashley White (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/148682) Tuesday
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Hi Professor and Class!
First example:
It’s sunny in Singapore. If it’s sunny in Singapore, then he won’t be carrying an umbrella. So, he won’t be carrying an umbrella(Fieser, 2018).
This example is a deductive argument. It has logical strength because it’s sunny so he won’t be carrying an umbrella. Both premises are valid to the conclusion that comes after “So”. It passes the test of validity because it’s sunny in Singapore and if it’s sunny he won’t be carrying an umbrella provide support for the conclusion.
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Second example:
Every time I’ve walked by that dog, it hasn’t tried to bite me. So, the next time I walk by that dog it won’t try to bite me(Fieser,2018).
This example is an Inductive argument. Its strength depends on its premises. For example, the argument would be stronger the more times the person walked by the dog and didn’t get bit. Its logic to think the dog has never tried to bite him, so he won’t next time. The argument could get stronger or weaker if certain circumstances changed in the premises. Inductive arguments can change based off of different evidence and deductive arguments don’t.
References
Facione, P. & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Thinking critically. 3 . Ed. Pearson:Boston, MA.
Fieser, J. (2018). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved July 28, 2020, from https://iep.utm.edu/ded-ind/
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Ashley White (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/148682) Tuesday
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Hi Professor,
I’ll give it another shot!
This example from the book I believe is deductive because it has two true premises and then a true conclusion. Everyone who owns a car needs car insurance is premises 1 and Joe just purchased a car is the 2nd premises. Conclusion would be he needs insurance.
EX: Everyone who owns a car needs car insurance. Joe just purchased a car. Therefore Joe needs car insurance.
I think the example below is an example of an Inductive argument because just like the one above the argument could get weaker or stronger if things changed in the premises.
EX: The cat scratches me everytime I walk by it. Tomorrow when I walk by the cat will scratch me.
References
Facione, P. & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Thinking critically. 3 . Ed. Pearson:Boston, MA.rd
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(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor) Yesterday
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Hello Ashley, thank for your repost.
Remember, when identifying premises the first premise is premise (without the s); the same for the second.
The first argument is positively deductive. The second argument is inductive since there is a good chance that that cat will probably scratch when you walk by since it has occurred so many times in the past.
We are learning that there are two crucial thinking skills. In the first, inductive reasoning, one observes a set of facts from several viewpoints. Leaving out some facts or adding new ones might lead to some particular interpretation. Inductive reasoning helps to make a generalized conclusion based on individual reflections or datasets. For example, the observation, “this tree has a shadow” is an individual observation. The generalized conclusion that “all trees have shadows” helps us approach some specific problems and derive an answer.
In deductive reasoning, you go the other way around. You start at some general premise. This could be anything from mathematical physics such as “the sum of the internal angles of a quadrilateral is 360°. This is the way critical thinking works. You find out how to solve the questions with the help of your teammates. Here again one needs to check opinions based on your assessment of the situation. Also, if you study the assumptions that led to the situation, you might discover a lot of fallacy.
Determine if the following are inductive or deductive:
1. If God exists there is good in the world. God exists, so there is good in the world. 2. Many inexplicable phenomena have eventually been explained by science, so
consciousness will eventually have a scientific explanation. 3. Since every action has an equal and opposite reaction, this action will have an equal and
opposite reaction. 4. Which of the two argument types (i.e. deductive or inductive) seem to add something new
to the premises? Which seems to have its conclusion contained within its premises?
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Britney Parkerton (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/138709) Tuesday
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Hello Professor Sheffield and class,
Inductive Example
“The sun rose yesterday, the day before yesterday, the day before the day before yesterday, and 1,000,000 days before that. Therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow” (Johnson, 2016, pg.5).
The issue is that the sun will rise tomorrow. The claim is that the sun will rise tomorrow. The premise is that the sun rose yesterday, the day before yesterday, the day before the day before yesterday, and 1,000,000 days before that. According to Facione (2016), “We use inductive reasoning skills when we draw inferences about what we think is probably true” (pg. 176). This is inductive reasoning because it is probable that the sun will rise tomorrow, but it is not for certain.
Deductive Example
“All muscles are made out of living tissue. All humans have muscles. Therefore, all humans are made out of living tissue” (Wilson, 2016).
In our textbook Facione (2016) discusses how we use deductive reasoning to “assume truth of a set of beliefs to a conclusion which cannot be false if those beliefs are true” (pg. 156).This is an example of a deductive argument. The conclusion is that all humans are made from living tissue. The first premise is all muscles are made from living tissue. The second is that all humans have muscles, and therefore all humans are made from living tissue. If we assume that the two premises are true, then the claim is true as well.
