Question
Question 1
2 / 2 pts
Dilated and sluggish pupils, widening pulse pressure, and bradycardia are clinical findings evident of which stage of intracranial hypertension?
Stage 4
Stage 2
Stage 1
Stage 3
Question 2
2 / 2 pts
Posthyperventilation apnea (PHVA) ceases and rhythmic breathing is resumed when levels of arterial
carbon dioxide become normal.
oxygen increase.
oxygen decrease.
carbon dioxide increase.
Question 3
2 / 2 pts
Uncal herniation occurs when
the hippocampal gyrus shifts from the middle fossa through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa.
the diencephalon shifts from the middle fossa straight downward through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa.
the cingulate gyrus shifts under the falx cerebri.
a cerebellar tonsil shifts through the foramen magnum.
Question 4
2 / 2 pts
What are the areas of the brain that mediate several cognitive functions, including vigilance, reasoning, and executive functions?
Occipital
Limbic
Parietal
Prefrontal
Question 5
0 / 2 pts
The most critical aspect in diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is
computed tomography (CT) scan.
cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
health history.
skull x-ray films.
Question 6
2 / 2 pts
Cerebral edema is an increase in the fluid content of the
brain tissue.
meninges.
neurons.
ventricles.
Question 7
2 / 2 pts
Which is a characteristic of brainstem death?
Comatose
Vegetative state
Apnea
Locked-in syndrome
Question 8
2 / 2 pts
Which disease process is infratentorial?
Cerebellar neoplasm
Parkinson disease
Encephalitis
Cerebral neoplasm
Question 9
2 / 2 pts
Microinfarcts resulting in pure motor or pure sensory deficits are the result of which type of stroke?
Lacunar
Hemorrhagic
Embolic
Thrombotic
Question 10
0 / 2 pts
Spinal cord injuries are most likely to occur in which of the following regions?
Cervical and thoracic
Lumbar and sacral
Cervical and lumbar
Thoracic and lumbar
Question 11
2 / 2 pts
A right hemisphere embolic cerebrovascular accident has resulted in left-sided paralysis and reduced sensation of the left foot and leg. The vessel most likely affected by the emboli is the right _____ artery.
middle cerebral
posterior cerebral
vertebral
anterior cerebral
Question 12
2 / 2 pts
In children most intracranial tumors are located
laterally.
below the tentorium cerebelli.
above the tentorium cerebelli.
posterolaterally.
Question 13
2 / 2 pts
What are the most common side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
Hypertensive crisis and agitation
Orthostatic hypotension and weight gain
Dry mouth and sexual dysfunction
Sleep disturbances and nausea
Question 14
0 / 2 pts
Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia?
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Serotonin
Question 15
0 / 2 pts
Which electrolyte imbalance contributes to lithium toxicity?
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Question 16
2 / 2 pts
Benign febrile seizures are characterized by
onset after the fifth year of life.
respiratory or ear infections.
lasting 30 minutes or more.
a temperature less than 39° C.
Question 17
2 / 2 pts
The clinical manifestations of dyskinetic cerebral palsy include
exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, clonus, and rigidity of extremities.
scoliosis, contractures, and stiffness of trunk muscles.
increased muscle tone and prolonged primitive reflexes.
jerky uncontrolled and abrupt fine musculoskeletal movements.
Question 18
2 / 2 pts
A _____ is the test done on amniotic fluid and maternal blood to test for neural tube defect.
α-fetoprotein (AFP)
total protein
culture
C-reactive protein
Question 19
2 / 2 pts
Symptoms characteristic of bulimia nervosa include:
a perception that the body is fat when it is actually underweight.
recurrent episodes of binge eating with fears of not being able to stop eating.
absence of three consecutive menstrual periods.
a fear of becoming obese despite progressive weight loss.
Question 20
2 / 2 pts
Intussusception causes intestinal obstruction by
the loss of peristaltic motor activity in the intestine, causing an adynamic ileus.
twisting the intestine on its mesenteric pedicle causing occlusion of the blood supply.
forming fibrin and scar tissue that attach to intestinal omentum and cause obstruction.
telescoping of part of the intestine into another usually causing strangulation of the blood supply.
Question 21
2 / 2 pts
After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are a result of
a rapid gastric emptying and creation of a high osmotic gradient in the small intestine that causes a sudden shift of fluid from the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen.
hemorrhage postoperatively in which a large volume of blood is lost, causing hypotension with compensatory tachycardia.
an anaphylactic reaction in which chemical mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, relax vascular smooth muscles causing shock.
a concentrated bolus that moves from the stomach into the small intestine, which causes hyperglycemia, resulting in polyuria and eventually hypovolemic shock.
Question 22
0 / 2 pts
Hepatitis _____ in children is primarily associated with blood transfusions.
D
B
A
C
Question 23
2 / 2 pts
_____ diarrhea results from lactose intolerance.
Motility
Secretory
Small volume
Osmotic
Question 24
0 / 2 pts
A person with cystic fibrosis has an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency because
the pancreas has a volvulus at the ampulla of Vater.
of the impaired blood supply to the pancreas causing ischemia.
genetically the pancreas is unable to produce digestive enzymes.
the pancreatic ducts are obstructed with mucus.
Question 25
2 / 2 pts
Prolonged diarrhea is more severe in children than in adults because
children have diarrhea more often than do adults.
children have a higher fluid volume intake.
less water is absorbed from the colon in children.
fluid reserves are smaller in children.
